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Renal cancer has been increasingly diagnosed in recent decades. In addition, morphological diversity of renal neoplasms has led to consider that the concept of renal cell (RC) carcinoma encompasses a wide variety of conditions. The recently published EROCARE-4 study showed a 5-year overall survival rate of 59.2%. In this and any other neoplastic disease, determination of adequate prognostic factors would help decide the most appropriate therapeutic strategy in each case, guide future treatments, and develop specific follow-up schemes for our patients. The different prognostic factors for RC may currently be classified into four groups: anatomical, clinical, histological and molecular. This paper analyzes these prognostic factors and reviews the nomograms most commonly used.

The perineum is formed by muscle-aponeurotic elements that are integrated under the control of the nervous system. Their alterations are responsible for urogynecological, coloproctologic and sexual pathologies. In order to obtain a successful treatment, it is obliged not to forget the role that plays the perineum in those pathologies. The treatment of the dysfunction of the pelvic floor groups conservative techniques and procedures like changes in life habits, behavioural therapy, biofeedback, electroestimulation (neuromodulation and peripheral electrical stimulation) and training with muscular exercises of the pelvic floor (perineal rehabilitation). The objective of all of them is to improve or to obtain the urinary continence, the strengthening of its musculature to be able to balance pelvic static, to improve the local vascularization and the anorrectal function besides securing a satisfactory sexuality.

Objective: Benign tumors account for less than 1% of testicular tumors and the incidence is even lower in children. A rare case of epidermoid cyst of the testis in a child is described. The differential diagnosis and treatment options are discussed., Methods/results: A case of unilateral epidermoid cyst of the testis in an 11-year-old boy is presented. The clinical and diagnostic aspects are discussed. Definitive diagnosis could be made only after surgical excision., Conclusions: Pathological analysis of the entire testis is warranted to make the definitive diagnosis of epidermoid cyst. However, preservation of the testis can be considered, particularly in those cases with bilateral involvement, if supported by solid, consistent diagnostic evidence, including intraoperative biopsy.

Objective: The present study reviews the differential diagnosis of adrenal masses, including the uncommon forms, as the one described herein., Method/results: A patient with a giant adrenal mass that required differential diagnosis from other types of adrenal masses is presented. The diagnosis could only be made following anatomopathological analyses., Conclusions: The present case demonstrates that the uncommon forms of adrenal masses must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis, which, however, can only be confirmed by the pathological analysis since the findings on diagnostic imaging mimic other forms.

Herein we describe a chronic diabetic with calcification of both seminal vesicles and the deferent duct which had been disclosed by a plain film of the urinary tract and an IVP. Currently the foregoing condition can be considered to be pathognomonic of diabetes mellitus, although these patients generally do not present urological symptoms or signs.

A case of infected and suppurating pyourachal cyst is described. The rarity of urachal pathology in the adult prompted us to report the present case. The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of this urachal complication are discussed.

The present study reports the late surgical complications observed following 270 renal transplant procedures performed at our department. Their etiologic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects are discussed. With respect to arterial stenosis, we consider percutaneous transluminal angioplasty the procedure of choice when drug therapy fails to control hypertension. Surgery should be reserved for those cases where this procedure fails. We advocate treatment of lymphoceles whose size cause displacement or compression of the excretory tract using drainage and instillation of povidone iodide as advocated by González Martín. Stenosis of the excretory tract is the most common complication in our series. Treatment was by corrective surgery. In our view, the etiologic and ultrastructural features of this complication make it unamenable to endourologic correction.